History
The name “Zamostia” was first mentioned in the 16th century as part of the name of the Zamostia Palace (Across the Bridge Palace) estate. The estate was built near the then only bridge over the Southern Buh River. Over time, the estate grew and in the latter half of the 18th century it already looked like a small town. The development of this town was facilitated by the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and the construction of a railway station near Vinnytsia.
According to the 1811 map, our city had the following borders: the Buh River, the Kalicha River, the current Khlibna Street, Piatnychanskyi descent to the right-bank New Bridge. As for the Zamostia area, the map shows part of the today’s Kotsiubynskoho Avenue, the layout of the streets that are now known as Zamostianska, Kyivska and Bratslavska streets, as well as the wooden bridges over the river.
In contrast to the central part of the city, the so-called New and Old Cities, the Zamostia district developed at the turn of 20th century, when the street and road network was formed in accordance with the new general plan. Zamostia is a characteristic example of urban planning during the rise of the Russian Empire, when the international industrial society was forming. The block-type development of the Zamostia district took place in the 1880s, when the construction of the Kyiv-Balta (1871) and Koziatyn-Zdolbuniv (1873) Railways was completed nearby, 2 km away from the central part of the city. Along Kotsiubynskoho Avenue, whole blocks of one-story residential buildings, often wooden cobwork houses with brick lining, small-scale pediments, pillars and bars that resembled the architecture of old large mansions, were built.
The buildings constructed after the war reflect the next stage in the development of the Soviet architecture, known as “revision of architectural heritage”, which began in the 30s, was interrupted by the war, and continued in the early post-war years.
Municipal buildings – blocks of flats and houses for civilians and the military, military barracks, railway and industrial facilities, as well as classicistic and functional community and residential buildings of the Soviet era blended seamlessly into the urban space of Zamostia.
For a long time, a picturesque green boulevard ran between Peremohy Square and Vokzalna Square. In 1972, after the city was divided into administrative districts, the border between the Zamostianskyi and Staromiskyi districts was drawn up along the boulevard. In the early 1980s, to widen the roadway of the Kotsiubynskoho Avenue, the boulevard was demolished, the tramway was dismantled, and a new tramway to the Railway Station was laid from Akademika Yanhelia Street along Batozka Street up to Vokzalna Square.
Within the framework of the project entitled Vinnytsia Mile. Thematic Week, posters with old photos and postcards were designed showing the development of Kotsiubynskoho Avenue from 1910 to the present day. The posters are displayed on stands in the main lobby of the railway station.
Military Zamostia
Within the framework of the Zamostia Development Model project, the team of the Center for the History of Vinnytsia conducted an additional study on the Zamostia district, commissioned by the Agency for Spatial Development.
During the preparation and running of the project, both well-known and hard to access sources were analyzed, which made it possible to reconstruct, to a considerable extent, the history of this area.
In the turbulent 20th century, the military aspect almost immediately became dominant in the development of Zamostia. The construction of the permanent military camp determined the further development of the military strategic and defense infrastructure of the district.
During World War I, Vinnytsia served as a logistics support base and a strategic transit point. Gradually, the situation developed where control over this infrastructure transformed into control over almost the entire city. Therefore, there was fighting for military facilities in Zamostia during the Revolution and the Russian-Ukrainian wars of 1917-1921.
During the Nazi occupation, most military facilities were used for the same purpose. With the re-establishment of the Soviet regime in Ukraine and in Vinnytsia, the district entered the next stage in its development. This was due to the setting up of strategic headquarters, first the Long-Range Aviation Command Headquarters, and then the 43rd Missile Army Headquarters.
With Ukraine gaining back its independence, the defense complex and the Armed Forces have gone through a difficult reformation and transformation process, sometimes facing attempts to deliberately undermine the national defense capability. The military infrastructure of Zamostia has also changed. The decrease in the significance of the military factor was influenced by the decision of the Ukrainian government to give up its world’s third-largest nuclear weapon stockpile. Currently, Zamostia still accommodates important strategic military facilities, military units and command centers. In the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the district is included in the logistics and front support system, and members of the Vinnytsia Garrison participate in rotations at the front.
Zamostia Today
Vinnytsia is a fairly compact city, its boundaries form almost a circle, which indicates the centric quality of its planning. But the street network is not typical for such a layout. The central streets divide the city into conditional sectors in accordance with the cardinal directions. The Southern Buh River divides the city into two almost identical parts. The Zamostia district and the Central district are located on different banks of the river and are the closest compositional centers of such planning pattern. To be more precise, the compositional center of the city is the Central Bridge which links Zamostia and the Center. The Kyivskyi and Staromiskyi bridges also link the district and the city.
Zamostia is one of the most densely populated districts of Vinnytsia located in the eastern part of the city on the left bank of the Southern Buh River.
Though the railway has been one of the city-forming facilities that once gave an impetus to the development of the city and the Zamostia district in particular, it also has a negative impact. Since there is no direct road communication between the nearest neighboring district of Tiazhyliv, the permanent military camp and Zamostia, it a sort of cuts off and separates those areas from the city.
Therefore, the Zamostia district is not only a compositional center, but also a kind of a buffer territory that cannot be bypassed.
Analysis
Vinnytsia is a fairly compact city, its boundaries form almost a circle, which indicates the centric quality of its planning. But the street network is not typical for such a layout. The central streets divide the city into conditional sectors in accordance with the cardinal directions. The Southern Buh River divides the city into two almost identical parts. The Zamostia district and the Central district are located on different banks of the river and are the closest compositional centers of such planning pattern. To be more precise, the compositional center of the city is the Central Bridge which links Zamostia and the Center. The Kyivskyi and Staromiskyi bridges also link the district and the city.
Zamostia is one of the most densely populated districts of Vinnytsia located in the eastern part of the city on the left bank of the Southern Buh River.
Though the railway has been one of the city-forming facilities that once gave an impetus to the development of the city and the Zamostia district in particular, it also has a negative impact. Since there is no direct road communication between the nearest neighboring district of Tiazhyliv, the permanent military camp and Zamostia, it a sort of cuts off and separates those areas from the city.
Therefore, the Zamostia district is not only a compositional center, but also a kind of a buffer territory that cannot be bypassed.
Виклики
- Planning pattern and transport network;
- Unused industrial territories of the district;
- Irrational use of space within blocks of buildings;
- No cycling infrastructure;
- Spontaneously developed public spaces without comfortable landscaping;
- Impact of markets and small businesses on employment.
Vision
Zamostia: High-quality Urban Environment and Innovative Development
By 2030, through the use of internal territorial resources of Zamostia, the quality of outdoor and residential space will have improved, and safe and attractive public spaces will be encouraging people of any age, gender and abilities to go for walks, rest and have fun in comfort.
Strategic Objectives
Strategic objective 1. Heightening the sense of community and developing “major local projects”
Strategic objective 2. Ensuring mobility in the district taking into account local conditions
Strategic objective 3. Proposing a solution for the use of territories that are not currently in use
Strategic objective 4. Impact on the renovation of green spaces and creation of a network of community spaces
Strategic objective 5. Creating conditions for improvement of back yard spaces
Zamostia Model
“Zamostia Profiles”
